Secondary Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Activities Exercised by the Peasant Populations in the Localities of the Urban-Rural Commune of Maluku in Kinshasa (DRC)

G. KAYEMBE KABASELE; L.L. NSHIMBA; M.R. MPURU; R. KAKULE

G. KAYEMBE KABASELE Teacher of National Pedagogical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, DR Congo
L.L. NSHIMBA Teacher of National Pedagogical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, DR Congo
M.R. MPURU Teacher of National Pedagogical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, DR Congo
R. KAKULE Teacher of National Pedagogical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, DR Congo

Keywords: Secondary activities, Agricultural activities, Locality, Peasant, Breeding, Fishing

Abstract

Due to unsatisfactory agricultural yields, many farmers engage in alternative activities during the lean season. The primary goal is to generate additional income to help meet basic family needs. These activities also contribute to improving household nutrition. However, despite their efforts, the income earned from these activities often remains insufficient in light of the many challenges these farmers face. The main alternative agricultural activities include market gardening, with a focus on short-lifecycle vegetables that are highly perishable and produced in small quantities due to local climate conditions. Other common non-agricultural secondary activities include: fishing, hunting, charcoal and firewood production, poultry farming, gathering wild fruits, and some artistic crafts and activities.

References

Brunel, S. (2009). Feed the world, defeat the hunger. Paris: Larousse.
Gautier, A. (2010). Per-urban and land dynamics in Yaoundé. Master, Agro, Paris tech; Ciradi, p. 17.
Kayembe Kabasele, G. (2019). Development of agricultural land in the villages of Inkien II and Kibonoka in the urban-rural community of Maluku in Kinshasa (DRC).
Kilesi, J. A. (2017). Market gardening production in Kinshasa, and the land problem.
Nyoka, M.F. (2021). Development of Congolese space.
Pouch, T. (2010). Land wars, agricultural strategies globalization. Paris, Choiseul.
Robinau, O. (2013). Living from agriculture in the African city: Geography of development between actors in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso. Doctoral thesis, University of Montpelier 3.
Tshomba, K. & Nyembo, M. (2015). Peri-urban agriculture in Kinshasa. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2, 291-302.
World Bank. (2017). Land reform, an essential issue, in the land sector review of July 10, 2017.