Cell Signaling Pathway Proteins that Can Be Targeted to Keep in Check Proliferation in Cancer Cells: Scientific Review
Keywords:
cell proliferation, cancer, proto-oncogenes, p53, RB protein, CDKs, glycolysis, hexokinase, PKM2, Warburg effect, mitochondria, apoptosis, signaling pathways, targeted therapy, metabolic reprogramming
Abstract
Cancer progression is primarily driven by uncontrolled cell proliferation, often resulting from dysregulated signaling and metabolic pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of critical cell signaling pathway proteins that regulate cancer cell proliferation, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. It explores the role of proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and key regulatory proteins such as p53, RB, cyclins, and CDKs in maintaining normal cell cycle progression and how their dysregulation promotes oncogenesis. The paper further delves into metabolic adaptations in cancer cells, including aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial reprogramming, emphasizing enzymes like hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK1), pyruvate kinase (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as central to the Warburg effect. Additionally, it discusses the significance of mitochondrial signaling in apoptosis, with a focus on the Bcl-2 family and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) complex. The review integrates insights into protein import machinery (TOM and TIM complexes) and electron transport chain dynamics, underscoring their relevance to cancer cell survival and death. Emerging therapies such as targeted drugs, immunotherapies, and metabolic inhibitors are evaluated for their potential to selectively disrupt these pathways. The review advocates for a multi-targeted approach to cancer treatment that interferes with both proliferative signaling and metabolic support systems. This strategy may yield improved outcomes by halting tumor growth while preserving normal cellular function.
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2025-07-07
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Opiyo, O. R., Sylvester, O. R., Gitonga, G. M., Kithinji, D. K., Gaichu, D. M., Magutu, O. C., & Kurui, S. K. (2025). Cell Signaling Pathway Proteins that Can Be Targeted to Keep in Check Proliferation in Cancer Cells: Scientific Review. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 5(3), 153-179. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/674
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Copyright (c) 2025 Otieno Rolex Opiyo, Omollo Reagan Sylvester, Godfrey Mutuma Gitonga, Dorothy Kagendo Kithinji, Daniel Muthee Gaichu, Oribo Calleb Magutu, Stephen Kipkosgei Kurui
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