The Energy Sources that Have Changed the World Throughout History and the Required Future Sustainable Energy System

Fernando Alcoforado

Fernando Alcoforado PhD in Territorial Planning and Regional Development Barcelona University, Spain; Engineer, College Professor (Engineering, Administration, Economics) UFBA – Federal University of Bahia, Brazil

Keywords: Energy sources, Energy sources in prehistory, Coal, Oil, Natural gas, Electricity, Biomass energy, Wind energy, Hydrogen, Nuclear energy, Solar energy, Ethanol, Biodiesel, Sustainable energy system of the future

Abstract

This article aims to present the energy sources that have changed the world throughout history and the sustainable energy system required for the future.

References

Alcoforado, F. (2010). Aquecimento global e catástrofe planetária. S. Cruz do Rio Pardo: Viena Gráfica e Editora.

Alcoforado, F. (2015). Energia no mundo e no Brasil. Curitiba: Editora CRV.

Alcoforado, F. (2021). Energy revolutions throughout history and its future evolution towards clean and renewable energy. LinkedIn. Available at https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/energy-revolutions-throughout-history-its-future-clean-alcoforado/

Alcoforado, F. (n.d.). Hydrogen as a solution to replace fossil fuel and avoid the emission of greenhouse gases. Academia.edu. Available at https://www.academia.edu/108878130/

Biomassa. (2024, October 18). In Wikipedia. Available at https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomassa

Gás natural. (2025, March 30). In Wikipedia. Available at https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s_natural

Iberdola. (n.d.). O que é a energia eólica, como ela se transforma em eletricidade e quais são suas vantagens? Iberdola. Available at https://www.iberdrola.com/sustentabilidade/energia-eolica

Lorenzetti, R. (2024, May 2). Histórico do uso da biomassa no Brasil e no mundo. Blog Coontrol. Available at https://blog.coontrol.com.br/uso-da-biomassa-no-brasil-e-no-mundo/

Mora, J. (2011). AIE: mundo se encaminha para futuro energético insustentável. G1 Globo. Available at http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2011/11/aie-diz-que-mundo-se-encaminha-para-futuro-energetico-insustentavel.html

Novais, S. A. (n.d.). Etanol. Brasil Escola. Available at https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/etanol.htm

Raizen. (n.d.). Biodiesel: Características do Biocombustível. Raizen. Available at https://www.raizen.com.br/blog/biodiesel

Sirenergies. (2022). L'hydrogène, énergie du futur? Sirenergies. Available at https://www.sirenergies.com/article/hydrogene-energie-du-futur/

Smil, V. (2018). Energy and Civilization – A History. Cambridge. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.