A Review of the Global Effects of Cherax quadricarinatus on Native Biodiversity in Non-Native Ecosystems

Geofrey Makwelele; Katongo Cyprian; Makeche Mauris; Masuzyo S. Nyirenda; Matthews Mwambo

Geofrey Makwelele Department of Biological Sciences, School of Technology, Science and Mathematics, Chalimbana University, Chongwe, Zambia
Katongo Cyprian Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Makeche Mauris Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
Masuzyo S. Nyirenda Central Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries, Chilanga, Zambia
Matthews Mwambo Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Keywords: global, ecological impact, Cherax quadricarinatus, native biodiversity, non-native ecosystem

Abstract

Cherax quadricarinatus, also known as the red claw crayfish, is an alien invasive species (AIS) in numerous freshwater ecosystems outside its native range in northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Its introduction to non-native ecosystems, often driven by aquaculture, accidental incidents and the pet trade, has significant ecological implications for native biodiversity. This species' adaptability to various environmental conditions and high reproductive rate facilitates its establishment and spread in new habitats. The presence of C. quadricarinatus in non-native ecosystems results in several detrimental effects on native biodiversity, including competition with indigenous crayfish and other aquatic species for resources, predation on native species, and alteration of habitat structures.

C. quadricarinatus competes directly with native crayfish species, often leading to a decline in native populations due to its aggressive behavior and more efficient resource utilization. This competition extends to other aquatic invertebrates and small vertebrates, resulting in reduced biodiversity and disruptions in local food webs. Predation by C. quadricarinatus on native fish, amphibians and invertebrates further exacerbates these impacts, often leading to declines in vulnerable native populations. In addition, the burrowing behavior of C. quadricarinatus causes physical alterations to habitats, such as increased sedimentation and destruction of aquatic vegetation, which are crucial for the survival of many native species. These habitat modifications can lead to long-term changes in ecosystem structure and function, affecting water quality and availability of resources. Hybridization with native crayfish species can occur, leading to genetic dilution and loss of unique genetic traits in native populations. C. quadricarinatus crayfish can carry diseases and parasites that may infect native species.

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