Beyond Vision 2030: Evaluating Saudi Arabia’s Path Toward Sustainable Economic Growth
Keywords:
Saudi Arabia, Vision 2030, sustainable economic growth, economic diversification, energy sector, tourism sector, technology sector, finance sector, foreign investment, sustainability, environmental impact, socio-economic development, policy evaluation, data visualization, Saudi economic reform
Abstract
In this article, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has been critically analysed to assess the progress made toward achieving a diversified, non-oil-based economy. By surveying major industries such as energy, tourism, information technology, and finance, the paper examines the comprehensive measures and programs undertaken to stimulate economic growth, attract foreign investment, and foster innovation. It delves into the Kingdom’s strategic reforms aimed at creating a sustainable and resilient economy, highlighting how these efforts align with global trends in economic diversification and technological advancement.
The article also evaluates the environmental and socioeconomic costs and benefits of these initiatives, offering a balanced perspective on their successes, shortcomings, and areas for improvement. Additionally, it underscores Vision 2030’s alignment with global sustainability objectives, showcasing Saudi Arabia’s commitment to adopting innovative technologies and integrating sustainable practices into its economic framework.
Furthermore, this analysis explores the transformative potential of Vision 2030, detailing its role in positioning Saudi Arabia as a forward-thinking nation ready to embrace new economic paradigms. By providing a detailed overview supported by graphics and visual representations, this study aims to enrich the understanding of Saudi Arabia’s journey toward a sustainable economy. The findings presented in this article are not only of interest to policymakers and investors but also to scholars and individuals interested in the broader implications of economic reform in the region.
References
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Albassam, B. A. (2021). Achieving sustainable development by enhancing the quality of institutions in Saudi Arabia. International Sociology, 36(3), 439-463.
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Alomari, M. A., & Heffron, R. J. (2023). Middle eastern energy and climate ambitions: Vision 2030 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the influence of the legal environmental principles. The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 16(5), 442-460.
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Alshuwaikhat, H. M., & Mohammed, I. (2017). Sustainability matters in national development visions—Evidence from Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030. Sustainability, 9(3), 408.
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Nassani, A. A., Vo, X. V., & Zaman, K. (2020). Evaluating ‘natural resource curse’ hypothesis under sustainable information technologies: a case study of Saudi Arabia. Resources Policy, 68, 101699.
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Belaïd, F., & Massié, C. (2023). The viability of energy efficiency in facilitating Saudi Arabia's journey toward net-zero emissions. Energy Economics, 124, 106765.
Croghan, L. (2024). Resisting change: Women and youth in a post-oil world: Analysing Saudi Arabia’s Vision2030 reforms. ANU Undergraduate Research Journal, 13(1), 30-38.
Deeb, Y. I., Alqahtani, F. K., & Bin Mahmoud, A. A. (2024). Developing a Comprehensive Smart City Rating System: Case of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 150(2), 04024012.
Ehsan, E. E. S. (2023). Establishing an Economic Court in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a Part of Achieving Vision 2030. Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human., 6(4), 1384.
Essa, S., & Harvey, B. (2022). Education for sustainable development in Saudi Arabia: A critical discourse analysis of media and government policy documents. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 18(2), e2266.
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Hefni, M., Ahmed, H. A., Omar, E. S., & Ali, M. A. (2021). The potential re-use of Saudi mine tailings in mine backfill: A path towards sustainable mining in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 13(11), 6204.
Kahia, M., Moulahi, T., Mahfoudhi, S., Boubaker, S., & Omri, A. (2022). A machine learning process for examining the linkage among disaggregated energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental degradation. Resources Policy, 79, 103104.
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Khan, S. (2020). Governance and Implementation of Vision 2030: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia. Governance Studies Quarterly.
Mohammed, M. S. H., Alhawsawi, A., & Soliman, A. Y. (2020). An integrated approach to the realization of Saudi Arabia’s energy sustainability. Sustainability, 13(1), 205.
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Nasser, T. (2019). Digital Economy in Saudi Arabia: Transforming the Kingdom into a Tech Powerhouse. Saudi Journal of Technology, 22(4), 211-229.
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Salam, M. A., & Khan, S. A. (2018). Transition towards sustainable energy production–A review of the progress for solar energy in Saudi Arabia. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 36(1), 3-27.
Saradara, S. M., Khalfan, M. M. A., Rauf, A., & Qureshi, R. (2023). On the path towards sustainable construction—the case of the United Arab Emirates: a review. Sustainability, 15(19), 14652.
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Shalhoob, H. (2023). Green sukuk in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and potentials of sustainability in the light of Saudi vision 2030. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 12(4).
Singh, H. P., Singh, A., Alam, F., & Agrawal, V. (2022). Impact of sustainable development goals on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: Role of education and training. Sustainability, 14(21), 14119.
Smith, R. (2018). The Shift from Oil: Lessons from Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Global Economic Perspectives.
Tsani, S., & Najm, S. (2021). Green policies and sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. In Handbook of Sustainable Politics and Economics of Natural Resources (pp. 123-134). Edward Elgar Publishing.
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Yamada, M. (2018). Can Saudi Arabia Move beyond. The Middle East Journal, 72(4), 587-609.
Abubakar, I. R., Aina, Y. A., & Alshuwaikhat, H. M. (2020). Sustainable development at Saudi Arabian universities: An overview of institutional frameworks. Sustainability, 12(19), 8008.
Al Mulhim, K. A. M., Swapan, M. S. H., & Khan, S. (2022). Critical junctures in sustainable social housing policy development in Saudi Arabia: a review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2979.
Al-Faisal, N. (2018). Vision 2030: Transforming Saudi Arabia’s Economy Beyond Oil. International Development Review, 45(2), 134-148.
Al-Faisal, N. (2019). Harnessing Geopolitical Advantages: The Kingdom’s New Economic Paradigm. Riyadh Policy Journal.
Al-Hanawi, M. K., Khan, S. A., & Al-Borie, H. M. (2019). Healthcare human resource development in Saudi Arabia: emerging challenges and opportunities—a critical review. Public health reviews, 40, 1-16.
Al-Mashari, F. (2022). The Red Sea Project and its Role in Diversifying Saudi Arabia’s Economy. Global Business Review, 45(2), 65-81.
Al-Rashed, H. (2019). Economic Diversification in Saudi Arabia: New Horizons Beyond Oil. Economic Policy Review, 53(4), 217-230.
Al-Rashed, H. (2022). Environmental Challenges and Circular Economy Solutions: Saudi Vision 2030's Duality. Middle East Sustainability Journal.
Al-Rubai, K. (2021). The Role of Women in Saudi Arabia’s Economic Transformation. Middle East Gender and Development, 12(1), 37-50.
Alamoudi, A. K., Abidoye, R. B., & Lam, T. Y. (2023). Implementing Smart Sustainable Cities in Saudi Arabia: A Framework for Citizens’ Participation towards SAUDI VISION 2030. Sustainability, 15(8), 6648.
Alattiq, M. J. (2024). Evolving role of higher education & leadership development in a knowledge-based economy: Analysing the Saudi Arabian context. Industry and Higher Education, 38(5), 399-410.
Albassam, B. A. (2021). Achieving sustainable development by enhancing the quality of institutions in Saudi Arabia. International Sociology, 36(3), 439-463.
Aldhafeeri, Z. M., & Alhazmi, H. (2022). Sustainability assessment of municipal solid waste in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in the framework of circular economy transition. Sustainability, 14(9), 5093.
Aldossari, A. S. (2020). Vision 2030 and reducing the stigma of vocational and technical training among Saudi Arabian students. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 12(1), 3.
Alenezi, D. (2022). Vision 2030: Leadership Styles, Readiness for Transformation and Faculty Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Newcastle, Australia).
Alghamdi, A. K. H., Alsaadi, R. K., Alwadey, A. A., & Najdi, E. A. (2022). Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030’s compatibility with women and children’s contributions to national development. Interchange, 53(2), 193-214.
Alhamad, S. H. I., Dakhli, A. C., Hani, S. I. B., & salamah Almahayreh, A. (2023). The Effectiveness of Applying the Economic and Technological of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 Dimensions in Achieving the Competitive Advantage of the Hail Region.
Alharbi, R. (2024). An appraisal of the early impact of COVID-19 on affordable housing finance in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 42(4), 751-767.
Alharbi, R. F. (2022). A four-year experience in the the public sector: An analytical study of a governance model for the achievement of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. Journal of Law Sciences, 19(3), 550-584.
Alismail, S., & Faridi, M. R. (2021). Harnessing the power of Irtiqaa: An initiative inspired by vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(1), 1-10.
Allmnakrah, A., & Evers, C. (2020). The need for a fundamental shift in the Saudi education system: Implementing the Saudi Arabian economic vision 2030. Research in Education, 106(1), 22-40.
Almutairi, H., Galeotti, M., Manzano, B., & Pierru, A. (2024). Resilience of Saudi Arabia’s economy to oil shocks: effects of economic reforms. The Energy Journal, 45(5), 125-148.
Almutairi, N. T. (2024). Does investment in human capital via education stimulate economic growth in an oil-rich country? A case study of Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 2933-2955.
AlNemer, A. M. (2024). Examining the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Tourism Sector and Assessing Its Potential Contributions in Achieving the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 (Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University).
Alomari, M. A., & Heffron, R. J. (2021). Utilising law in the transition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to a low-carbon economy. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 39, 107-118.
Alomari, M. A., & Heffron, R. J. (2023). Middle eastern energy and climate ambitions: Vision 2030 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the influence of the legal environmental principles. The Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 16(5), 442-460.
Alsaywid, B. S., Alajlan, S. A., & Lytras, M. D. (2023). Transformative learning as a bold strategy for the vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia: Moving higher healthcare education forward. In Technology-enhanced healthcare education: Transformative learning for patient-centric health (pp. 187-207). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Alshuwaikhat, H. M., & Mohammed, I. (2017). Sustainability matters in national development visions—Evidence from Saudi Arabia’s Vision for 2030. Sustainability, 9(3), 408.
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Nassani, A. A., Vo, X. V., & Zaman, K. (2020). Evaluating ‘natural resource curse’ hypothesis under sustainable information technologies: a case study of Saudi Arabia. Resources Policy, 68, 101699.
Bashir, I., Sajjad, M. A., & Ali, Z. (2023). Sustainable urban growth from up and down? Saudi Arabia's Urban Infrastructure Revolution. Zakariya Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 1-16.
Belaïd, F., & Massié, C. (2023). The viability of energy efficiency in facilitating Saudi Arabia's journey toward net-zero emissions. Energy Economics, 124, 106765.
Croghan, L. (2024). Resisting change: Women and youth in a post-oil world: Analysing Saudi Arabia’s Vision2030 reforms. ANU Undergraduate Research Journal, 13(1), 30-38.
Deeb, Y. I., Alqahtani, F. K., & Bin Mahmoud, A. A. (2024). Developing a Comprehensive Smart City Rating System: Case of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 150(2), 04024012.
Ehsan, E. E. S. (2023). Establishing an Economic Court in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a Part of Achieving Vision 2030. Int'l JL Mgmt. & Human., 6(4), 1384.
Essa, S., & Harvey, B. (2022). Education for sustainable development in Saudi Arabia: A critical discourse analysis of media and government policy documents. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 18(2), e2266.
Global Energy Monitor. (2023). Renewable Energy Projects in Saudi Arabia: An Assessment of Vision 2030 Goals.
Hassan, R. (2018). The Impact of Technological Innovation on Saudi Arabia's Economic Growth. Journal of Technology and Society, 18(3), 44-59.
Hefni, M., Ahmed, H. A., Omar, E. S., & Ali, M. A. (2021). The potential re-use of Saudi mine tailings in mine backfill: A path towards sustainable mining in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 13(11), 6204.
Kahia, M., Moulahi, T., Mahfoudhi, S., Boubaker, S., & Omri, A. (2022). A machine learning process for examining the linkage among disaggregated energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental degradation. Resources Policy, 79, 103104.
Khan, M. B., Iqbal, S., & Hameed, I. (2020). Economic development vision of the Gulf Cooperation Council. In Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia (pp. 17-53). Routledge.
Khan, S. (2020). Governance and Implementation of Vision 2030: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia. Governance Studies Quarterly.
Mohammed, M. S. H., Alhawsawi, A., & Soliman, A. Y. (2020). An integrated approach to the realization of Saudi Arabia’s energy sustainability. Sustainability, 13(1), 205.
Mohiuddin, K., Nasr, O. A., Miladi, M. N., Fatima, H., Shahwar, S., & Naveed, Q. N. (2023). Potentialities and priorities for higher educational development in Saudi Arabia for the next decade: Critical reflections of the vision 2030 framework. Heliyon, 9(5).
Moshashai, D., Leber, A. M., & Savage, J. D. (2020). Saudi Arabia plans for its economic future: Vision 2030, the National Transformation Plan and Saudi fiscal reform. British Journal of Middle Eastern studies, 47(3), 381-401.
Nasser, T. (2019). Digital Economy in Saudi Arabia: Transforming the Kingdom into a Tech Powerhouse. Saudi Journal of Technology, 22(4), 211-229.
Osman, T., Kenawy, E., Abdrabo, K. I., Shaw, D., Alshamndy, A., Elsharif, M., ... & Elboshy, B. (2021). Voluntary local review framework to monitor and evaluate the progress towards achieving sustainable development goals at a city level: buraidah city, KSA and SDG11 as A case study. Sustainability, 13(17), 9555.
Rahman, R., & Qattan, A. (2021). Vision 2030 and sustainable development: state capacity to revitalize the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 58, 0046958020984682.
Salam, M. A., & Khan, S. A. (2018). Transition towards sustainable energy production–A review of the progress for solar energy in Saudi Arabia. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 36(1), 3-27.
Saradara, S. M., Khalfan, M. M. A., Rauf, A., & Qureshi, R. (2023). On the path towards sustainable construction—the case of the United Arab Emirates: a review. Sustainability, 15(19), 14652.
Saudi General Investment Authority (SAGIA). (2020). Foreign Investment in Saudi Arabia: A Report on Vision 2030’s Progress.
Shalhoob, H. (2023). Green sukuk in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and potentials of sustainability in the light of Saudi vision 2030. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 12(4).
Singh, H. P., Singh, A., Alam, F., & Agrawal, V. (2022). Impact of sustainable development goals on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: Role of education and training. Sustainability, 14(21), 14119.
Smith, R. (2018). The Shift from Oil: Lessons from Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Global Economic Perspectives.
Tsani, S., & Najm, S. (2021). Green policies and sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. In Handbook of Sustainable Politics and Economics of Natural Resources (pp. 123-134). Edward Elgar Publishing.
UAE Vision 2021 Report. (2021). A Comparative Study of Vision 2030 and UAE's Economic Diversification. United Arab Emirates Government.
Vision 2030. (2016). Saudi Vision 2030: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Blueprint for the Future. Retrieved from Vision2030.gov.sa.
Yamada, M. (2018). Can Saudi Arabia Move beyond. The Middle East Journal, 72(4), 587-609.
Published
2024-12-12
How to Cite
Kiani, D. (2024). Beyond Vision 2030: Evaluating Saudi Arabia’s Path Toward Sustainable Economic Growth. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 4(5), 375-390. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/574
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Copyright (c) 2024 Danial Kiani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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