Enhancing Agricultural Productivity in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanization Status and Sustainable Strategies
Keywords:
Agricultural mechanization, Agricultural productivity, Food security, Innovative technology
Abstract
This review examines the current status of agricultural mechanization in the Philippines and its impact on productivity while identifying sustainable strategies to address existing challenges. Despite the importance of agriculture in the national economy, mechanization levels remain low, constrained by financial barriers, inadequate infrastructure, and limited technical knowledge among farmers. The review highlights the necessity of promoting inclusive access to mechanization through cooperative models and government subsidies, alongside enhancing training and capacity-building initiatives. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of innovative technologies, such as smart agriculture and eco-friendly machinery, in boosting efficiency. Finally, a robust policy framework is essential for fostering research and development in agricultural technologies. The Philippines can significantly enhance agricultural productivity by implementing these strategies, contributing to food security and economic resilience.
References
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Asayas, J. C. (2024). Policy evaluation of agricultural and fishery mechanization programs: Towards food security and safety. A Term Paper in ABE 321: Professional Ethics. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33195.25125.
Asian Development Bank. (2024). Strengthening public-private partnerships in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/projects/45515-001/main
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Bautista, E. G., Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Panganiban, M. E. (2017). Farmer’s perception on farm mechanization and land reformation in the Philippines. Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture, 29(3), 242–250.
Benin, S. (2015). Impact of Ghana’s agricultural mechanization services center program. Agricultural Economics, 46, 103–117. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/agec.12201
Briones, D. A. (2019). Training workshop on sustainable mechanization for smallholder farmers in Asia and Africa in support of the sustainable development goals. Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PHilMech). https://un csam.org/sites/default/files/202011/PPT_Philippines_Mr.%20Danilo%20Briones.pdf#:~=Farm%20Service%20Providers%20with%20sets%20of%20machines%20from%20production%20to,and%20hauling%29
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Calibuso, N. G., Estigoy, M. A., & Vargas, D. S. (2021). Effects of the emergence of farm machineries on socio-economic status of agricultural land workers in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351216983
Camarena, E., Gracia, C., & Sixto, J. C. (2004). A mixed integer linear programming machinery selection model for multifarm systems. Biosystems Engineering, 87, 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.10.003
Caunedo, J., & Kala, N. (2021). Mechanizing agriculture: Impacts on labor and productivity. CEGA, University of California, Berkeley. https://cega.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Mechanizing-Agriculture-Impacts-on-Labor-and-Productivity.pdf
Cayetano, E. L. G., Cabading, R. M., Cabardo, S. S., Dela Cruz, C. M. B., & Armas, K. L. (2023). Factors affecting productivity and challenges encountered to Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) mechanization program among farmers’ cooperative and associations (FCAs) of Guimba. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS), 9(12), 21-25. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.912.5
Cordero, J. A. G., & Park, T. (2023). Transforming Philippine agriculture through Agriculture 4.0. Precision Agricultural Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.12972/pastj.20230016
Daum, T. et.al (2020). Impacts of Agricultural Mechanization: Evidence From Four African Countries. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342159517
Declaro-Ruedas, M. Y. A., & Bais, L. S. (2020). Coping strategies of the farm laborers toward farm mechanization in Central, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. Journal of Asian Rural Studies, 4(1), 109-118
Dela Cruz, R. S. M., & Malanon, H. G. (2017). State of on-farm maize mechanization in the Philippines. AgricEngInt: CIGR Journal, 19(4). Retrieved from http://www.cigrjournal.org
Department of Agriculture. (2021). Mobilization and empowerment of partners. Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.da.gov.ph/the-one-da-reform-agenda-eighteen-18-key-strategies/mobilization-and-empowerment-of-partners/
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Department of Agriculture. (2024). Technology and innovation including digital agriculture. Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.da.gov.ph
Department of Budget and Management. (2024). Agriculture sector’s P197.84 billion budget for 2024 to boost food, water security. Department of Budget and Management. https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/management-2/210-agriculture-sectors-p197-84-billion-budget-for-2024-to-boost-food-water-security
Dilla, V. G. A., Dalusong, R. L. G., Elacion, L. J. R., Mina, F. C. R., Vasquez, R. A. C., & Villarama, J. A. (2024). How modern machinery replaces laborers: A comparative study of their livelihood before and after implementation. eJournals.ph. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=24138
Diño, R. D., & Nape, M. J. (2022). Magnitude and viability of mechanization of agri-fishery industry in Camarines Norte. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 11(3), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR2230113211
Fernandez, R. (2018). Adoption of farm machinery in Laguna, Philippines: A socioeconomic perspective. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 101(2), 125-134.
Food and Agriculture Organization (2017). Mechanization: Policy, guidelines, and implementation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/i7064e/i7064e.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization (2020). Sustainable agricultural mechanization: A framework for Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/ca1979en/CA1979EN.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016). The role of mechanization in agricultural sustainability. From https://www.fao.org/sustainability/news/detail/en/c/460221/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019). Development of a mechanization strategy for the Republic of Malawi: A roadmap for operationalization. FAO Corporate Document Repository. https://www.fao.org/3/ca5601en/ca5601en.pdf
Fu, X., & Akter, N. (2016). Impact of mobile phone technology on agricultural extension services delivery: Evidence from Bangladesh. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(11), 1561–1576. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1146700
Garcia, M. V., & Ricafort, L. S. (2017). Mechanized rice production in Nueva Ecija: A comparative analysis on costs and returns. Philippine Agricultural Economics and Development Journal, 38(2), 87-100.
Go, S. P., Aquino, A. R., & Ferrer, M. D. (2019). Technology adoption and farm mechanization in the Philippines: Analysis of factors influencing farmer behavior. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 16(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.37801/ajad2019.16.1.3
Hernandez, E. M., & Cruz, E. L. M. (2021). Socioeconomic impacts of the rice mechanization program of the RCEF on rice farmers in Tarlac, Philippines. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 9(4), 223-235. From https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10139-z
International Finance Corporation (2014). Access to Finance for Smallholder Farmers Learning from the Experiences of Microfinance Institutions in Latin America. From https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/965771468272366367/pdf/949050WP0Box3800English0Publication.pdf
International Rice Research Institute (2017). Mechanization and technology adoption in rice farming. IRRI Annual Report 2017, 53-60. From https://www.irri.org/resources/publications/annual-reports
Japan International Cooperation Agency (2018). Study on mechanization strategies in Southeast Asia. JICA Research Institute. From https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/ja/publication/other/20180410_01.pdf
Jiang, M., Li, J., & Mi, Y. (2024). Farmers’ cooperatives and smallholder farmers’ access to credit: Evidence from China. Journal of Asian Economics, 92, 101746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101746
Juarez, E. G. (2020). Mechanization in smallholder rice farming in the Philippines: Status, challenges, and way forward. Journal of Agricultural and Food Engineering, 10(3), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.33120/jafe.2020.10.3
Kahan, D. G., & Sundaram, M. (2021). Promoting mechanization among small-scale farmers. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development, 11(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005.2021.111.1.15
Kitzinger, J., & Scott, S. (2019). Small-scale mechanization in low-income countries: A systematic review. World Development, 126, 104717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104717
Lantican, F. A., & Quicoy, C. B. (2021). Mechanization in corn production: A pathway to improve efficiency and productivity. Corn Farmers’ Association. From https://cornfarmersassociation.ph/publications/mechanization-efficiency.pdf
Lorenzo, A. R., & Delos Reyes, L. A. (2017). Mechanization needs of Philippine corn farmers: Results from a nationwide survey. Journal of the International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences, 23(2), 67-75.
Ma, W., & Rahut, D. B. (2024). Climate-smart agriculture: adoption, impacts, and implications for sustainable development. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 29(5), 44.
Mallari, N. G. (2016). Analysis of the status and economic impact of rice mechanization on farm productivity in selected areas in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 41(1), 21-31.
Mercado, P. (2020). Financial viability of mechanization service providers in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics, 24(2), 43-55.
Nogueira, R. E., & Rocha, M. B. (2018). Mechanization and rural employment in low-income countries: Case studies from Southeast Asia. FAO Working Papers. http://www.fao.org/3/i8996en/I8996EN.pdf
Otsuka, K., & Estudillo, J. P. (2017). Rice Green Revolution in Asia and its transferability to sub-Saharan Africa: An overview. AGU Policy Brief. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2017.12245.x
Palis, F. G., Hossain, M., & Pingali, P. L. (2017). Farmers' perceptions and adoption of modern rice technologies: Lessons from the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Development, 44(1), 15-28.
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Published
2024-12-06
How to Cite
Bautista, C. J., Quipo, J., & Taldhay, M. (2024). Enhancing Agricultural Productivity in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanization Status and Sustainable Strategies. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 4(5), 336-355. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/564
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Copyright (c) 2024 Christian John Bautista, June Quipo, Mysel Taldhay
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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