Antibacterial Activities of Herbal Extracts and Conventional Antibiotics on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound

Veronica Felicitia Nwode; Kayode Akindele; Christiana Inuaesiet Edemekong; Ugwu Nnenna Ugwu; Farotimi Chinenye Asumpta; Ikechukwu Michael Obya; Augustina Nebechi Nwatu; Henrietta Onu; Ikemesit Udeme Peter; Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha

Veronica Felicitia Nwode Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Kayode Akindele Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Christiana Inuaesiet Edemekong Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Allied Health Sciences, Trans-Ekulu, P.M.B. 01473, Enugu, Nigeria
Ugwu Nnenna Ugwu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Farotimi Chinenye Asumpta Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Ikechukwu Michael Obya Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Augustina Nebechi Nwatu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Henrietta Onu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Ikemesit Udeme Peter Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Technology and Engineering, Federal University of Allied Health Sciences, Trans-Ekulu, P.M.B. 01473, Enugu, Nigeria
Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, P.M.B. 53, Nigeria

Keywords: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Parkia biglobosa, Newbouldia laevis, wound

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains continue to be a leading cause of infections with high morbidity and mortality in wound patients, but little is known about the prevalence, characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of methanol leaf and stem bark extracts of Newbouldia laevis, Parkia biglobosa and conventional available antibiotics on MRSA from various wound sources in Abakaliki. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and its associated risk factors among wound patients in a Tertiary Hospital. Methods: A total of 200 samples from post-surgical wounds, burn wounds, decubitus ulcer, and diabetic foot ulcer patients were collected from March 2021 to February 2022 using a sterile swab stick on the affected site. The collected specimens were immediately subjected to bacteriological analysis. MRSA was screened for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) and results were analyzed using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. The antibacterial activity of methanol leaf and stem-bark extract of Newbouldia laevis and Parkia biglobosa against the MRSA isolates was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of MRSA accounted for 55.5 %. Antibiogram result shows that the MRSA isolates were 87.8% and 100% susceptible to imipenem and amikacin but 78.9% and 100% resistant to erythromycin, penicillin, lincomycin, vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline respectively. At 25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, and 6.25mg/ml, Parkia biglobosa showed high inhibitory activity against MRSA at the range of 9mm – 19mm compared to Newbouldia laevis having inhibitory activity against MRSA at the range of 0 – 15mm at the same concentrations. Conclusion: Our study reports the prevalence of MRSA with multi-resistant phenotype in wound samples and also advocates for the judicious use of imipenem and amikacin as drugs of choice against the test isolate. These findings validate the use of methanol leaves and stem-bark extract of P. biglobosa as an alternative medicine for treating MRSA-associated wound infection and recommend further complementary studies in ethno-pharmacological use.

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