Evaluation of Impact of Terrain Configuration and Landforms on the Accuracy of UAV-Derived DEM

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the influence of terrain configuration and landforms on the accuracy of the UAV-derived DEM in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria with the view to determining impact on mapping applications. The study examined the impact of terrain configuration on the accuracy of the UAV-derived DEM by considering three terrain classes: flat terrain, sloping terrain, and rugged terrain. The model demonstrated high accuracy across all terrain types, making it suitable for terrain analysis and slope assessments. It effectively represented elevation complexities in rugged terrains, indicating its robust performance across diverse landscapes. Additionally, the effect of landform types on the UAV-derived DEM accuracy was evaluated by considering built-up areas, open spaces, and vegetation. The model provided reliable elevation estimations in built-up areas and open spaces, making it suitable for urban planning and land use management. However, caution is advised when using the model in vegetation areas, as it tended to overestimate elevations in such regions. Further validation and refinement of the model is recommended since the UAV-derived DEM demonstrated slight deviations, especially in vegetated areas. This can be achieved through ground truthing and field surveys to assess the accuracy of the elevation values in different landcover types. Continuous improvement of data processing techniques and sensor calibration will also contribute to enhancing the accuracy of the UAV-derived DEM.