Design, Fabrication, and Optimization Studies of a Groundnut Kneader
Keywords:
design, fabricate, groundnut kneader, oil yield, machine speed, groundnut oil
Abstract
Nigeria's small-scale oil extraction remains a significant bottleneck. In this study, an improved groundnut kneader was designed, fabricated, and evaluated based on groundnut oil extraction. Also, some pertinent parameters of the developed kneading machine including machine speed, finger numbers, and water temperature were successfully optimized. The result of the study revealed that the highest number of fingers (F3) produced the highest machine efficiency of 78.39% and maximum output capacity of 17.97 kg/h while the lowest efficiency of 69.74% and the lowest output capacity of 10.79 kg/h were recorded at the lowest number of fingers (F1). The highest oil yield of 38.84% was obtained at the water temperature of 60°С, while the lowest groundnut oil yield of 33.7% was recorded at 40°С. The optimum machine efficiency, output capacity, and yield of 80.9%, 19.98 kg/h, and 19.73% were obtained when the machine speed, water temperature, and the number of fingers were 400 rpm, 60°С, F3 for speed, water temperature, and the number of fingers respectively. The results indicated that as the speed (rpm), water temperature (°С) and fingers were increased the responses such as efficiency (%), oil yield (%), and output capacity (kg/h) were increased. From the performance evaluation of the kneader, it was observed that all the evaluated factors are significant at p ≤ 0.05. Finger number, water temperature, and speed significantly impact kneader oil yield, efficiency, and output capacity; modelling equations were valid and show no significant difference between the statistical and experimental values.
References
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Alonge, S. O., Lagoke, S. T. O., & Ajakaiye, C. O. (2004). Cowpea reactions to Striga Gesnerioides II. Effect on grain yield and nutrient composition. Crop Protection, 24(6), 575-580.
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Olajide, J.O. & Igbeka, J.C. (2003). Some physical properties of groundnut kernels. J Food Eng, 58, 201–204.
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Olajide, J. O., Afolabi, T. J., & Adeniran, J. A. (2014). Optimization of Oil Yield from Groundnut Kernel (Arachis hypogeae) in a Hydraulic Press Using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 3(14), 1916-1926.
Olatunde, O.B., Ajav, E.A., & Fatukasi, S.O. (2014). Design and fabrication of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) roaster cum expeller. Int J Sci Technol, 3, 177–184.
Olaniyan, A. M., & Oje, K. (2007). Quality characteristics of shea butter recovered from shea kernel through dry extraction process. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore, 44(4), 404-407.
Oriaku, E. C., Agulanna, C. N., Nwannewuihe, H. U., Onwukwe, M. C., & Adiele, I. D. (2014). Design and performance evaluation of a corn de-cobbing and separating machine. American Journal of Engineering Research, 3(6), 127-136.
Ojolo, S. J., Damisa, O., Orisaleye, J. I., & Ogbonnaya, C. (2010). Design and development of cashew nut shelling machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(2), 146-157.
Okoye, C. N., Jiang, J., & Hui, L. Y. (2008). Design and development of secondary controlled industrial palm kernel nut vegetable oil expeller plant for energy saving and recuperation. Journal of Food Engineering, 87(4), 578-590.
Perone, C., Romaniello, R., Leone, A., Berardi, A., & Tamborrino, A. (2022). Towards energy efficient scheduling in the olive oil extraction industry: Comparative assessment of energy consumption in two management models. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 16, 100287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100287
Ravi, K., Srinivasan, R., & Narayanan, S. (2017). Design, development and testing of motorized groundnut decorticator and kneading machine. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 7(5), 14384-14389. doi: 10.4010/2017.1846
Srikanth, V., Rajesh, G. K., Kothakota, A., Pandiselvam, R., Sagarika, N., Manikantan, M. R., & Sudheer, K. P. (2020). Modeling and optimization of developed cocoa beans extractor parameters using box behnken design and artificial neural network. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 177, 105715.
Varshney, R.K., Pandey, M.K., & Puppala, N. (2017). The Peanut Genome: An Introduction. In R. Varshney, M. Pandey, & N. Puppala (Eds.), The Peanut Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63935-2_1
Worldwide Oilseed Production in 2022/2023, by Type. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/267271/worldwideoilseed-production-since-2008/
Zewdu, G., Lemma, B., & Tafesse, S. (2020). Design and development of a groundnut sheller and kneading machine. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 17(3), 1-10. doi: 10.9734/jerr/2020/v17i330250
Adeyanju, M. A., Oladele, O. I., Bello, A. A., Adediran, A. A., & Bolarinwa, T. A. (2021). Design and development of a semi-automatic groundnut kneading machine. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 20(1), 1-12. doi: 10.9734/jerr/2021/v20i130358
Ajiboye, O. B., Babalola, J. O., & Ademosun, O. T. (2017). Development and evaluation of a manually operated groundnut shelling machine. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 19(1), 80-87.
Ajao, K.R., Ajimotokan, H.A., Olaomi, J., & Akande, H. (2010). Design and development of a groundnut oil expelling machine. J Agric Technol, 6, 643–648.
Akerele, O. V. & Ejiko, S. (2016). Design and Construction of Groundnut Oil Expeller. Int J Eng Comput Sci, 4, 12529–12538
Akinoso, R. & Adeyanju, J. A. (2012). Optimization of edible oil extraction from ofada rice bran using response surface methodology. Food and bioprocess technology, 5(4), 1372-1378.
Alonge, A. F. & Olaniyan, A. M. (2006). The effect of dilution volume, water temperature and pressing time on oil yield from Thevetia kernel during extraction. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA, 37(2), 79.
Alonge, S. O., Lagoke, S. T. O., & Ajakaiye, C. O. (2004). Cowpea reactions to Striga Gesnerioides II. Effect on grain yield and nutrient composition. Crop Protection, 24(6), 575-580.
Bashir, I. D. (2014). Modification and Performance Evaluation of Groundnut Kneading Machine (Unpublished B. Eng Project Submitted to Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano).
Davies, R.M. (2014). Performance evaluation of continuous screw press for extraction soybean oil. American Journal of Science and Technology American Journal of Science and Technology, 1(5), 238-242.
Davis, J. P., Sweigart, D. S., Price, K. M., Dean, L. L., & Sanders, T. H. (2013). Refractive index and density measurements of peanut oil for determining oleic and linoleic acid contents. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 90, 199-206.
Ezeoha, S. L., Akubuo, C. O., Odigboh, E. U. & Arallo, M. (2017). Performance evaluation of magnus screw press (model ms-100) for palm kernel oil extraction. Nigerian journal of technology (NIJOTECH), 36(2), 636 – 642.
Hassan, & Osunde, Z.D. (2022). Development and Performance Evaluation of a groundnut oil expeller. J Inven Eng Technol, 2, 22–29.
Ibrahim, L. (2015). Development of an Integrated Groundnut Oil Extraction Machine For Small Scale Oil Processors (Unpublished M. Eng. Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bayero University Kano).
Khurmi, R.S. & Gupta, J.K. (2005). A Textbook of Machine Design (14th ed.). Eurasia Publishing House (PVT.) Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
Lawan, I., Ali, M. A., Abubakar, M.S., Nalado, D.D., Attanda, M.L., Shittu, S.K., & Bomoi, M.I. (2019). Development of an integrated groundnut oil extraction machine. BAYERO J Eng Technol,. 14, 150–168
Liu, S., Yang, F., Zhang, C., Ji, H., Hong, P., & Deng, C. (2009). Optimization of process parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Passiflora seed oil by response surface methodology. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 48(1), 9-14.
Maduako, J. N., Mikailu, J., & Maunde, F. A. (2004). Development of a Motorized Kneader for Groundnut Oil Extraction. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 23(1), 34-38.
Mikailu, J., Joseph, W.Z., & Vanke, I. (2018). Modification of an Engine Powered Kneader for Groundnut Oil Extraction. Niger J Eng Sci Technol Res, 4, 29–36.
Nader, J., Fawaz, N., Afif, C., & Louka, N. (2016). A novel process for preparing low-fat peanuts: Optimization of the oil extraction yield with limited structural and organoleptic damage. Food Chemistry, 197, 1215-1225.
Nguyen, T. H., Wang, S. L., Doan, M. D., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, T. H. T., Tran, T. N., ... & Nguyen, V. B. (2021). Utilization of by-product of groundnut oil processing for production of prodigiosin by microbial fermentation and its novel potent anti-nematodes effect. Agronomy, 12(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010041
Odewole, M. M., Oyeniyi, S. K., & Adesoye, E. B. (2016). Effect of process conditions on the physico-chemical properties of groundnut oil exctracted with a vertical screw jack. Annals: Food Science & Technology, 17(2).
Olajide, J.O. & Igbeka, J.C. (2003). Some physical properties of groundnut kernels. J Food Eng, 58, 201–204.
Olajide, J. O., Igbeka, J. C., Afolabi, T. J., & Emiola, O. A. (2007). Prediction of oil yield from groundnut kernels in an hydraulic press using artificial neural network (ANN). Journal of Food Engineering, 81(4), 643-646.
Olajide, J. O., Afolabi, T. J., & Adeniran, J. A. (2014). Optimization of Oil Yield from Groundnut Kernel (Arachis hypogeae) in a Hydraulic Press Using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports, 3(14), 1916-1926.
Olatunde, O.B., Ajav, E.A., & Fatukasi, S.O. (2014). Design and fabrication of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) roaster cum expeller. Int J Sci Technol, 3, 177–184.
Olaniyan, A. M., & Oje, K. (2007). Quality characteristics of shea butter recovered from shea kernel through dry extraction process. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore, 44(4), 404-407.
Oriaku, E. C., Agulanna, C. N., Nwannewuihe, H. U., Onwukwe, M. C., & Adiele, I. D. (2014). Design and performance evaluation of a corn de-cobbing and separating machine. American Journal of Engineering Research, 3(6), 127-136.
Ojolo, S. J., Damisa, O., Orisaleye, J. I., & Ogbonnaya, C. (2010). Design and development of cashew nut shelling machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 8(2), 146-157.
Okoye, C. N., Jiang, J., & Hui, L. Y. (2008). Design and development of secondary controlled industrial palm kernel nut vegetable oil expeller plant for energy saving and recuperation. Journal of Food Engineering, 87(4), 578-590.
Perone, C., Romaniello, R., Leone, A., Berardi, A., & Tamborrino, A. (2022). Towards energy efficient scheduling in the olive oil extraction industry: Comparative assessment of energy consumption in two management models. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 16, 100287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100287
Ravi, K., Srinivasan, R., & Narayanan, S. (2017). Design, development and testing of motorized groundnut decorticator and kneading machine. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 7(5), 14384-14389. doi: 10.4010/2017.1846
Srikanth, V., Rajesh, G. K., Kothakota, A., Pandiselvam, R., Sagarika, N., Manikantan, M. R., & Sudheer, K. P. (2020). Modeling and optimization of developed cocoa beans extractor parameters using box behnken design and artificial neural network. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 177, 105715.
Varshney, R.K., Pandey, M.K., & Puppala, N. (2017). The Peanut Genome: An Introduction. In R. Varshney, M. Pandey, & N. Puppala (Eds.), The Peanut Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63935-2_1
Worldwide Oilseed Production in 2022/2023, by Type. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/267271/worldwideoilseed-production-since-2008/
Zewdu, G., Lemma, B., & Tafesse, S. (2020). Design and development of a groundnut sheller and kneading machine. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 17(3), 1-10. doi: 10.9734/jerr/2020/v17i330250
Published
2023-07-31
How to Cite
Sulaiman, M. E., Nalado, D. D., Shittu, S. K., & Katibi, K. K. (2023). Design, Fabrication, and Optimization Studies of a Groundnut Kneader. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 3(4), 21-40. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/239
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Copyright (c) 2023 Moshood Enewo Sulaiman, Dauda Dangora Nalado, Sharaffadeen Kolawole Shittu, Kamil Kayode Katibi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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