Nutritional Composition and Phyto-Constituents of Corn Silk (Zea Mays Hair) Grown in Southern Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Minerals, Corn Silk, Phyto-constituents, Southern-Kaduna, Nutrition
Abstract
The data obtained from the results showed the presence of crude lipid, crude fiber, protein, ash, energy value, and total carbohydrate in moderate and high amounts. Mineral contents such as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn that play a vital role in the metabolic functions of humans were also present. The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and phenols in both n-hexane and methanol extracts, while glycosides and alkaloids were absent in the methanolic extract and phlobatannins was also not present in the n-hexane extract accordingly. The phytoconstituents identified by the GC-MS characterization are 1-Heneicosanol, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9,15-Octadecadienoic acid, 9,17-Octadecadienal, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin, 1-Octadecanesulphonyl chloride, Sulphurous acid, 2-propyl tetradecyl, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, Stigmasterol, Beta- Sitosterol, E 8-Hexadecen-1-ol acetate, Cyclohexane, 2-Methyl-E,E-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, and 1-Methylene-2b-hydroxymethyl-3,3-dimethyl-4b-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-cyclohexane.
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Simpson, H. L., & Campbell, B. J. (2015). Dietary fibre–microbiota interactions. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 42(2), 158-179.
Sodipo, O. A., Akanji, M. A., Kolawole, F. B., & Odutuga, A. A. (1991). Saponin is the active antifungal principle in Garcinia kola, heckle seed. Biosci. Res. Commun, 3, 171.
Soetan, K. O., Oyekunle, M. A., Aiyelaagbe, O. O., & Fafunso, M. A. (2006). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of saponins extract of Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(23), 2405-2407. doi:10.4314/ajb.v5i23.56024
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., & Kaur, H. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), 98-106.
Velazquez, D. V. O., Xavier, H. S., Batista, J. E. M., & de Castro-Chaves, C. (2005). Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats. Phytomedicine, 12(5), 363-369.
Wan Rosli, W., Nurhanan, A. R., Solihah, M. A., & Mohsin, S. S. J. (2011). Cornsilk improves nutrient content and physical characteristics of beef patties. Sains Malaysiana, 40(2), 155-161.
Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Kwiatkowska, K., Kwiecień, M., Baranowska-Wójcik, E., Wójcik, G., & Krusiński, R. (2019). Analysis of the intake of sodium with cereal products by the population of Poland. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(6), 884-892. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1605209
Wise, A. (1995). Phytate and zinc bioavailability. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 46(1), 53-63. doi:10.3109/09637489509003386
World Health Organization. (2012). Effect of Reduced Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure, Renal Function, Blood Lipids and Other Potential Adverse Effects, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN 978 92 4 150491 1.
World Health Organization. (2017). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Fact Sheet 2017, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
Aires, A. (2019). Tannins - Structural Properties, Biological Properties and Current Knowledge. BoD–Books on Demand. doi:10.5772/intechopen.80170
Association of Official Analytical Chemists [AOAC]. (2005). Official methods of Analysis (14th ed.), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, 2005: 132-160.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists [AOAC]. (2007). Official methods of Analysis of AOAC International (OMA) (18th ed., Revision 2), 2007: 110-128.
Cakmak, I., McLaughlin, M. J., & White, P. (2017). Zinc for better crop production and human health. Plant and Soil, 411, 1-4. doi:10.1007/s11104-016-3166-9
Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Pourmorad, F., & Hafezi, S. (2008). Antioxidant activities of Iranian corn silk. Turkish Journal of biology, 32(1), 43-49.
Eman, A. A. (2011). Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Egyptian Maydis stigma (Zea mays hairs) rich in some bioactive constituents. The Journal of American Science, 7(4), 726-729. http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0704/101_5383am0704_726_729.pdf.
Guil‐Guerrero, J. L., Giménez‐Giménez, A., Rodríguez‐García, I., & Torija‐Isasa, M. E. (1998). Nutritional composition of Sonchus species (S asperL, S oleraceusL and S tenerrimusL). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 76(4), 628-632.
Ha, A. W., Kang, H. J., Kim, S. L., Kim, M. H., & Kim, W. K. (2018). Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of corn silk extract. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 23(1), 70-76. doi:10.3746/pnf.2018.23.1.70
Habtemariam, S. (1998). Extract of corn silk (stigma of Zea mays) inhibits the tumour necrosis factor-α- and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. Planta Medica, 64(4), 314-318. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957441
Hasanudin, K., Hashim, P., & Mustafa, S. (2012). Corn silk (Stigma maydis) in healthcare: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Molecules, 17(8), 9697-9715. doi:10.3390/molecules17089697
Ishida, H., Suzuno, H., Sugiyama, N., Innami, S., Tadokoro, T., & Maekawa, A. (2000). Nutritive evaluation on chemical components of leaves, stalks and stems of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas poir). Food Chemistry, 68(3), 359-367. doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00206-X
Izydorczyk, G., Sienkiewicz-Cholewa, U., Baśladyńska, S., Kocek, D., Mironiuk, M., & Chojnacka, K. (2020). New environmentally friendly bio-based micronutrient fertilizer by biosorption: From laboratory studies to the field. Science of the Total Environment, 710, 136061. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136061
Juttukonda, L. J. & Skaar, E. P. (2017). Manganese and Nutritional Immunity. In J. F. Collins (Ed.), Molecular, Genetic, and Nutritional Aspects of Major and Trace Minerals. Elsevier (pp. 377-387). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802168-2.00031-2
Kalache, A., De Hoogh, A. I., Howlett, S. E., Kennedy, B., Eggersdorfer, M., Marsman, D. S., ... & Griffiths, J. C. (2019). Nutrition interventions for healthy ageing across the lifespan: a conference report. European Journal of Nutrition, 58, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02027-z
Kim, S. L., & Jung, T. W. (2001). Maysin and other flavonoid contents in corn silks. Korean J Breed, 33, 338-343.
Kurek, J. (2019). Introductory Chapter: Alkaloids - Their Importance in Nature and for Human Life. In J. Kurek (Ed.), Alkaloids - Their Importance in Nature and Human Life. doi:10.5772/intechopen.8540
Lee, E. Y., Kim, S. L., Kang, H. J., Kim, M. H., Ha, A. W., & Kim, W. K. (2016). High maysin corn silk extract reduces body weight and fat deposition in C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diets. Nutrition Research and Practice, 10(6), 575-582. doi:10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.575
Njoku, V. O., Obi, C., & Onyema, O. M. (2011). Phytochemical constituents of some selected medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(66), 15020-15024. doi:10.5897/AJB11.1948
Nurhanan, A. R., Wan Rosli, W., & Mohsin, S. (2012). Total polyphenol content and free radical scavenging activity of cornsilk (Zea mays hairs). Sains Malays, 41(10), 1217-1221.
Okwu, D. E., & Josiah, C. (2006). Evaluation of the chemical composition of two Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(4), 357-361. doi:10.4314/ajb.v5i4.
Pearson, D. (1976). The chemical analysis of food (7th ed.). Churchill Livingstons.
Potiron, C. O., Passe-Coutrin, N., Toro, F., Delvasto, S., Bilba, K. et al. (2010). Sugar cane bagasse fibres reinforced cement composites: Thermal considerations. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(4), 549-556.
Rainakari, A. I., Rita, H., Putkonen, T., & Pastell, H. (2016). New dietary fibre content results for cereals in the Nordic countries using AOAC 2011.25 method. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 51, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2016.06.001
Ramula, P. & Rao, P. U. (2003). Dietary fibre content of fruits and leafy vegetables. Nutrition News, 24(3), 1-6.
Read, J. M., Bridgen, J. R., Cummings, D. A., Ho, A., & Jewell, C. P. (2020). Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions. medRxiv, 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.20018549
Shi, S., Li, S., Li, W., & Xu, H. (2019). Corn silk tea for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 2915498. doi:10.1155/2019/2915498
Siddique, M. A. B. & Brunton, N. (2019). Food Glycoalkaloids: Distribution, Structure, Cytotoxicity, Extraction, and Biological Activity. In J. Kurek (Ed.), Alkaloids-Their Importance in Nature and Human Life. IntechOpen.
Simpson, H. L., & Campbell, B. J. (2015). Dietary fibre–microbiota interactions. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 42(2), 158-179.
Sodipo, O. A., Akanji, M. A., Kolawole, F. B., & Odutuga, A. A. (1991). Saponin is the active antifungal principle in Garcinia kola, heckle seed. Biosci. Res. Commun, 3, 171.
Soetan, K. O., Oyekunle, M. A., Aiyelaagbe, O. O., & Fafunso, M. A. (2006). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of saponins extract of Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(23), 2405-2407. doi:10.4314/ajb.v5i23.56024
Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G., & Kaur, H. (2011). Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 1(1), 98-106.
Velazquez, D. V. O., Xavier, H. S., Batista, J. E. M., & de Castro-Chaves, C. (2005). Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats. Phytomedicine, 12(5), 363-369.
Wan Rosli, W., Nurhanan, A. R., Solihah, M. A., & Mohsin, S. S. J. (2011). Cornsilk improves nutrient content and physical characteristics of beef patties. Sains Malaysiana, 40(2), 155-161.
Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Kwiatkowska, K., Kwiecień, M., Baranowska-Wójcik, E., Wójcik, G., & Krusiński, R. (2019). Analysis of the intake of sodium with cereal products by the population of Poland. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 36(6), 884-892. doi:10.1080/19440049.2019.1605209
Wise, A. (1995). Phytate and zinc bioavailability. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 46(1), 53-63. doi:10.3109/09637489509003386
World Health Organization. (2012). Effect of Reduced Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure, Renal Function, Blood Lipids and Other Potential Adverse Effects, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN 978 92 4 150491 1.
World Health Organization. (2017). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Fact Sheet 2017, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
Published
2023-07-03
How to Cite
Habu, C., Stephen, K., Josiah, J. G., Ladan, Z., & Babatunde, O. (2023). Nutritional Composition and Phyto-Constituents of Corn Silk (Zea Mays Hair) Grown in Southern Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria. European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology, 3(3), 371-380. Retrieved from https://ejsit-journal.com/index.php/ejsit/article/view/224
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Copyright (c) 2023 Christopher Habu, Kenneth Stephen, James Gana Josiah, Zakari Ladan, O.A Babatunde
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