European Journal of Science, Innovation and Technology

Design of Protective Structures to Anticipate Flood-Induced Damage to the Jenelata Bridge Abutment

2025-10-02T17:36:50+03:00

The extreme flood in January 2019 caused significant damage to the Jenelata Bridge in Gowa Regency, including the collapse of protective structures and disruption of abutment stability. This study aims to design protective structures capable of preventing similar damage in the future. The methodology includes hydrological and hydraulic analysis, geotechnical evaluation, and assessment of gabion effectiveness as an alternative protective structure. Results indicate that a 100-year return period flood generates a peak discharge of approximately 1058 m³/s, which poses a high risk of scouring along the riverbanks. A Type-C gabion structure with dimensions of 4 × 1 × 1 m was designed for a total length of 100 m (50 m upstream and 50 m downstream) to protect the abutment. Stability analysis confirmed the structure's ability to withstand water and soil pressures with adequate safety factors. The estimated construction cost is Rp 346,190,130. This study recommends gabions as an effective solution for the rehabilitation of Jenelata Bridge to ensure sustainable transport connectivity in flood-prone areas.

The Impact of Agricultural Concessions on the Work of Farmers and on the Surrounding Villages in the Urban Rural Commune of Maluku in Kinshasa (DRC)

2025-10-15T16:15:40+03:00

Maluku, being the largest of Kinshasa's peripheral communes, is unable to produce enough food crops to meet the needs of the city’s population. One of the key causes of this insufficient production is the poor use of many agricultural concessions, which limits farmers’ access to large, arable land areas. This limited production restricts farmers’ ability to sell in sufficient quantity to generate income that could improve their diets and support the development of their villages. As a result, famine and poverty remain persistent in this urban-rural zone of Maluku. We therefore propose the following measures to the Provincial Government of Kinshasa: reclaim all unused agricultural concessions; redistribute the recovered land to active local farmers; provide technical support to farmers in Maluku; offer financial assistance to support agricultural activity; build and repair rural access roads for agriculture; regulate and inspect private vehicles transporting food products, to ensure farmer safety; prohibit and intervene against the uncontrolled conversion of agricultural land into poorly planned residential areas.

Secondary Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Activities Exercised by the Peasant Populations in the Localities of the Urban-Rural Commune of Maluku in Kinshasa (DRC)

2025-10-15T16:18:53+03:00

Due to unsatisfactory agricultural yields, many farmers engage in alternative activities during the lean season. The primary goal is to generate additional income to help meet basic family needs. These activities also contribute to improving household nutrition. However, despite their efforts, the income earned from these activities often remains insufficient in light of the many challenges these farmers face. The main alternative agricultural activities include market gardening, with a focus on short-lifecycle vegetables that are highly perishable and produced in small quantities due to local climate conditions. Other common non-agricultural secondary activities include: fishing, hunting, charcoal and firewood production, poultry farming, gathering wild fruits, and some artistic crafts and activities.

Malaria Risk Modelling Based on Household and Environmental Mosquito-Breeding Points: Application to Makueni County, Kenya

2025-10-16T17:38:41+03:00

A sociocultural–spatial modelling approach was applied to model household-level malaria risk in Makueni County, Kenya. Using household surveys (N = 80 households sampled across affected and unaffected areas), larval habitat mapping and sociobehavioural data on vector control, we screened candidate predictors, ran Pearson correlations, and developed a stepwise multiple regression model to predict malaria incidence (household-level). We then produced a spatial risk surface using inverse distance weighting (IDW) in a GIS to identify very-low to very-high risk zones based on the combined contribution of the most important predictors. Key predictors retained in the final model were: proximity to surface water/irrigation, presence of puddles/animal hoof-prints near the house, frequency of open water storage, house eave status (open vs closed), use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) history, presence of livestock near house, and solid-waste accumulation. The final model explained a large proportion of the variation in household malaria incidence (Adjusted R² = 0.87) and can guide targeted larval source management and household interventions in Makueni County.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmers’ Behavior in Green Agriculture Production: Evidence from Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

2025-10-23T18:38:04+03:00

This study examines the factors influencing farmers’ behavior toward green agricultural production in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Based on data collected from face-to-face interviews with 510 farmers, an ordered logit regression model was employed to identify the key determinants of green production behavior. The results reveal that education level, farm size, agricultural income, awareness of green agriculture, production linkages, and access to agricultural extension programs have significant positive effects on farmers’ engagement in green practices. In contrast, the agricultural labor size and gender exhibit negative influences on such behavior. The model explains 45.9% of the variance in farmers’ green production behavior. These findings offer valuable insights for governments and policymakers in formulating effective strategies to promote farmers’ participation in environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.

An Analytical Study on the Implementation of Energy-Efficient Design Strategies in Office Buildings in Khartoum, Sudan

2025-10-23T18:43:32+03:00

This study examines the implementation of energy-efficient design strategies in high-rise office buildings in Khartoum, Sudan, where energy demand is exceptionally high. Such buildings contribute significantly to global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, intensifying environmental challenges such as global warming. Understanding and applying energy-efficient design principles is therefore crucial for energy conservation in the built environment.

Fifteen recently constructed office buildings were analyzed as case studies, supported by occupant interviews. Respondents were asked to indicate their awareness of selected energy-efficient strategies identified in previous research. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the findings. Results indicate that the adoption of energy-efficient design strategies during the design stage is limited, leading to excessive energy consumption. The strategies most widely recognized by practitioners were site planning, natural ventilation, and building orientation, while other critical strategies, such as the building envelope, were largely neglected.

The study concludes that increasing the awareness and implementation of energy-efficient design strategies requires coordinated efforts from stakeholders in Sudan’s building industry. Professional associations and regulatory bodies should promote training programs and awareness initiatives to encourage the integration of sustainable design practices and reduce the environmental footprint of office buildings.

Experimental Design and Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Epoxy-Based Coating for Corrosion Resistance Using Response Surface Methodology

2025-10-27T19:00:19+02:00

The problem of corrosion of carbon steel in acidic environment remains a serious problem in industrial usage, causing a shortening of service life, and higher maintenance expenses. In this paper, a novel hybrid manganese oxide (MnO₂) and coconut husk nanoparticles (CHNP) have been developed and optimized to enhance corrosion resistance. The experimental runs were designed and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) where MnO₂ and CHNP loadings were the key variables. The weight loss method in varied concentration of a simulated acidic media (0.5 – 2.5 M H₂SO₄ solution) was used to evaluate the corrosion behaviour. Findings showed the hybrid coatings to have excellent protective efficiency of over 94% and a drastic reduction in corrosion rate occurred (35.42 mm/yr in uncoated steel to 1.8424 mm/yr in optimum hybrid coating). The sufficiency of the RSM models was statistically confirmed and the coefficients of determination were high (R² = 0.99). It is shown that agro-waste-derived CHNP, mixed with MnO₂, is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and high-performance reinforcer of epoxy coating when used in a harsh acidic condition.